Content Specification - SS.8.3.a.1:
Students will examine the impact of the transcontinental railroad on the movement toward westward expansion.

Content Specification - SS.8.3.a.2:
Students will examine examples of Native American resistance to the western encroachment including the Sioux Wars and the flight and surrender of Chief Joseph and the Nez Perce.

Content Specification - SS.8.3.a.3:
Students will examine United States and New York State policies toward Native Americans, such as the displacement of Native Americans from traditional lands, creation of reservations, efforts to assimilate Native Americans through the creation of boarding schools, the Dawes Act, and the Indian Reorganization Act and the Native Americans’ various responses to these policies.