Last updated: 5/26/2015

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Social Studies Pacing Guide February -June 8th Grade

Subject Area/Focus	February	March	April	May	June
Social Studies	Key Idea: World War II (Standards: 1, 2, 3; Themes: TCC, GOV, TECH, EXCH) Text: America: History of our Nation- Chapter 24: "The World War II Era" 8.6 WORLD WAR II: The aggression of the Axis powers threatened United States security and led to its entry into World War II. The nature and consequences of warfare during World War II transformed the United States and the global community. The damage from total warfare and atrocities such as the Holocaust led to a call for international efforts to protect human rights and prevent future wars. 8.6a Worldwide economic depression, militant nationalism, the rise of totalitarian rule, and the unsuccessful efforts of the League of Nations to preserve peace contributed to the outbreak of war in Europe and Asia. Ø Students will examine how the worldwide economic depression and militant nationalism resulted in the rise of totalitarian rule. 8.6b From 1939 to 1941, the United States government tried to maintain neutrality while providing aid to Britain but was drawn into the war by the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. The United States fought a war on multiple fronts. At home, the economy was converted to war production, and essential resources were rationed to ensure adequate supplies for military use. Ø Students will examine American involvement in World War II including the American strategy in the Pacific and the invasion of Normandy on D-Day. Ø Students will examine the role of the Tuskegee Airmen within the segregated military during World War II. Ø Students will investigate the impact of the war on the American economy and day-to-day life. Ø Students will examine the decision in Korematsu v. United States (1944) to intern Japanese Americans in light of perceived national security concerns versus constitutional rights. Ø Student will examine the role of New Yorkers in World War II, focusing on local institutions such as the Fort Ontario Refugee Center or the Brooklyn Navy Yard. 8.6c The nature and consequences of warfare during World War II transformed the United States and the global community. The damage from total warfare and human atrocities, including the Holocaust, led to a call for an international organization and the protection of human rights. Ø Students will examine the role of air power by the allies, including the use of the atomic bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Ø Students will investigate the Holocaust and explain the historical significance of the Nuremberg trials. Ø Students will examine the structure and work of the United Nations.	Key Idea: Foreign Policy (Standards: 1, 2, 4, 5; Themes: TCC, GEO, ECO, EXCH) Text: America: History of our Nation- Chapter 25: "The United States in the Cold War" 8.7 FOREIGN POLICY: The period after World War II has been characterized by an ideological and political struggle, first between the United States and communism during the Cold War, then between the United States and forces of instability in the Middle East. Increased economic interdependence and competition, as well as environmental concerns, are challenges faced by the United States. 8.7a The Cold War was an ongoing struggle between the two nuclear superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union. The Cold War shaped the reconstruction of national boundaries and political alliances across the globe. Ø Students will locate on a map the nations that were aligned with the United States, those aligned with the Soviet Union, and the non-aligned nations. Ø Students will examine the term nuclear superpower and the threat of nuclear weapons as a cause and as an effect of the arms race between the United States and the Soviet Union. 8.7b The United States based its military and diplomatic policies from 1945 to 1990 on a policy of containment of communism. Ø Students will examine the policy of containment and its application in the postwar period, including the Marshall Plan, the Korean War, the Cuban missile crisis, and the Vietnam War. 8.7c Following the end of the Cold War, the United States sought to define a new role in global affairs, but the legacies of Cold War actions continue to affect United States foreign policy today. Ø Students will examine the changing relationships between the United States and foreign countries such as § China beginning in 1950 § Afghanistan beginning in the 1980s § Russia beginning in 1990 § Middle East (Israel, Palestine, Iran, Kuwait, Iraq) § Countries in the Western Hemisphere, focusing on NAFTA, Cuba and Mexico § European Union countries	Key Idea: Domestic Politics and Reform (Standards: 1, 4, 5; Themes: TCC, SOC, CIV, ECO) Text: America: History of our Nation- Chapter 26: "The Civil Rights Era" 8.9 DOMESTIC POLITICS AND REFORM: The civil rights movement and the Great Society were attempts by people and the government to address major social, legal, economic, and environmental problems. Subsequent economic recession called for a new economic program. (Standards: 1, 4, 5; Themes: TCC, SOC, CIV, ECO) 8.9a The civil rights movement began in the postwar era in response to long-standing inequalities in American society and eventually brought about equality under the law but slower progress on economic improvements. Ø Students will compare and contrast the strategies used by civil rights activists such as Thurgood Marshall, Rosa Parks, Martin Luther King Jr., and Malcolm X. Ø Students will explain the significance of key civil rights victories including President Truman’s desegregation of the military, Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954), the Civil Rights Act of 1964, and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Ø Students will examine the extent to which the economic situation of African Americans improved as a result of the civil rights movement. 8.9b The civil rights movement prompted renewed efforts for equality by women and other groups. Ø Students will examine struggles for equality and factors that enabled or limited success on behalf of women, farm workers, Native Americans, the disabled, and the LGBT community. Ø Students will examine judicial actions taken to protect individual rights, such as Miranda v. Arizona (1966) and Tinker v. Des Moines School District (1969).	Key Idea: Domestic Politics and Reform (Standards: 1, 4, 5; Themes: TCC, SOC, CIV, ECO) Text: America: History of our Nation- Chapter 27: "The Vietnam Era" 8.9 DOMESTIC POLITICS AND REFORM: The civil rights movement and the Great Society were attempts by people and the government to address major social, legal, economic, and environmental problems. Subsequent economic recession called for a new economic program. 8.9c The Great Society programs of President Lyndon Johnson strengthened efforts aimed at reducing poverty and providing health care for the elderly, but the Vietnam War drained resources and divided society. Ø Students will explain the difference between Medicare and Medicaid. Ø Students will examine the connection between the Vietnam War, especially the draft, and the growth of a counterculture and peace movement.	Key Idea: Domestic Politics and Reform (Standards: 1, 4, 5; Themes: TCC, SOC, CIV, ECO) Text: America: History of our Nation- Chapter 28: "New Directions for a Nation" 8.9 DOMESTIC POLITICS AND REFORM: The civil rights movement and the Great Society were attempts by people and the government to address major social, legal, economic, and environmental problems. Subsequent economic recession called for a new economic program. 8.9d Economic recession during the 1970s and concerns about the growth and size of the federal government encouraged fiscal conservatives to push for changes in regulation and policy. Ø Students will examine President Ronald Reagan’s and President George H. W. Bush’s cuts to social programs and taxes in an attempt to stimulate the economy. Key Idea: Foreign Policy (Standards: 1, 2, 4, 5; Themes: TCC, GEO, ECO, EXCH) Text: America: History of our Nation- Chapter 29: "Challenges for a New Century" 8.7 FOREIGN POLICY: The period after World War II has been characterized by an ideological and political struggle, first between the United States and communism during the Cold War, then between the United States and forces of instability in the Middle East. Increased economic interdependence and competition, as well as environmental concerns, are challenges faced by the United States. 8.7d Terrorist groups not representing any nation entered and reshaped global military and political alliances and conflicts. American foreign and domestic policies responded to terrorism in a variety of ways. Ø Students will examine the terrorist attack of September 11, 2001, its impact on national security and the United States responses to it including the USA Patriot Act, the Department of Homeland Security, the War on Terror, and military attacks on suspected terrorist locations. 8.7e Increased globalization has led to increased economic interdependence and competition. Ø Students will examine the increased economic interdependence in terms of globalization and its impact on the United States and New York State economy, including the workforce. Ø Students will examine the role of multinational corporations and their influence on the world economy. Key Idea: Demographic Change (Standards: 1, 2, 4, 5; Themes: ID, GEO, SOC, GOV,ECO) Text: America: History of our Nation- Chapter 29: "Challenges for a New Century" 8.8 DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE: After World War II, the population of the United States rose sharply as a result of both natural increases and immigration. Population movements have resulted in changes to the American landscape and shifting political power. An aging population is affecting the economy and straining public resources. 8.8b The postwar United States experienced increasing immigration, debates over immigration policy, and an increase in cultural diversity. Ø Students will examine migration and immigration trends in New York State and New York City such as the increase in Spanish-speaking, South Asian, East Asian, Middle Eastern, and African populations and the contributions of these groups. Ø Students will examine the debates over and the effects of immigration legislation, including recent debates over immigration policy. 8.8c Pollution, population growth, the consumption of natural resources, clearing of land for human sustenance, and large-scale industrialization have put added stress on the global environment. Ø Students will explore the impact of pollution, industrialization and population growth on the environment such as urban areas (Love Canal), plant and animal life (Adirondack Park) and energy sources (Three Mile Island). Key Idea: Domestic Politics and Reform (Standards: 1, 4, 5; Themes: TCC, SOC, CIV, ECO) Text: America: History of our Nation- Chapter 29: "Challenges for a New Century" 8.9e Constitutional issues involving the violation of civil liberties and the role of the federal government are a source of debate in American society. Ø Students will examine state and federal responses to gun violence, cyber-bullying, and electronic surveillance.

Social Studies

Key Idea: World War II

(Standards: 1, 2, 3; Themes: TCC, GOV, TECH, EXCH)

Text: America: History of our Nation- Chapter 24: "The World War II Era"

8.6 WORLD WAR II: The aggression of the Axis powers threatened United States security and led to its entry into World War II. The nature and consequences of warfare during World War II transformed the United States and the global community. The damage from total warfare and atrocities such as the Holocaust led to a call for international efforts to protect human rights and prevent future wars.

8.6a Worldwide economic depression, militant nationalism, the rise of totalitarian rule, and the unsuccessful efforts of the League of Nations to preserve peace contributed to the outbreak of war in Europe and Asia.

Ø Students will examine how the worldwide economic depression and militant nationalism resulted in the rise of totalitarian rule.

8.6b From 1939 to 1941, the United States government tried to maintain neutrality while providing aid to Britain but was drawn into the war by the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. The United States fought a war on multiple fronts. At home, the economy was converted to war production, and essential resources were rationed to ensure adequate supplies for military use.

Ø Students will examine American involvement in World War II including the American strategy in the Pacific and the invasion of Normandy on D-Day.

Ø Students will examine the role of the Tuskegee Airmen within the segregated military during World War II.

Ø Students will investigate the impact of the war on the American economy and day-to-day life.

Ø Students will examine the decision in Korematsu v. United States (1944) to intern Japanese Americans in light of perceived national security concerns versus constitutional rights.

Ø Student will examine the role of New Yorkers in World War II, focusing on local institutions such as the Fort Ontario Refugee Center or the Brooklyn Navy Yard.

8.6c The nature and consequences of warfare during World War II transformed the United States and the global community. The damage from total warfare and human atrocities, including the Holocaust, led to a call for an international organization and the protection of human rights.

Ø Students will examine the role of air power by the allies, including the use of the atomic bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

Ø Students will investigate the Holocaust and explain the historical significance of the Nuremberg trials.

Ø Students will examine the structure and work of the United Nations.

Key Idea: Foreign Policy

(Standards: 1, 2, 4, 5; Themes: TCC, GEO, ECO, EXCH)

Text: America: History of our Nation- Chapter 25: "The United States in the Cold War"

8.7 FOREIGN POLICY: The period after World War II has been characterized by an ideological and political struggle, first between the United States and communism during the Cold War, then between the United States and forces of instability in the Middle East. Increased economic interdependence and competition, as well as environmental concerns, are challenges faced by the United States.

8.7a The Cold War was an ongoing struggle between the two nuclear superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union. The Cold War shaped the reconstruction of national boundaries and political alliances across the globe.

Ø Students will locate on a map the nations that were aligned with the United States, those aligned with the Soviet Union, and the non-aligned nations.

Ø Students will examine the term nuclear superpower and the threat of nuclear weapons as a cause and as an effect of the arms race between the United States and the Soviet Union.

8.7b The United States based its military and diplomatic policies from 1945 to 1990 on a policy of containment of communism.

Ø Students will examine the policy of containment and its application in the postwar period, including the

Marshall Plan, the Korean War, the Cuban missile crisis, and the Vietnam War.

8.7c Following the end of the Cold War, the United States sought to define a new role in global affairs, but the legacies of Cold War actions continue to affect United States foreign policy today.

Ø Students will examine the changing relationships between the United States and foreign countries such as

§ China beginning in 1950

§ Afghanistan beginning in the 1980s

§ Russia beginning in 1990

§ Middle East (Israel, Palestine, Iran, Kuwait, Iraq)

§ Countries in the Western Hemisphere, focusing on NAFTA, Cuba and Mexico

§ European Union countries

Key Idea: Domestic Politics and Reform

(Standards: 1, 4, 5; Themes: TCC, SOC, CIV, ECO)

Text: America: History of our Nation- Chapter 26: "The Civil Rights Era"

8.9 DOMESTIC POLITICS AND REFORM: The civil rights movement and the Great Society were attempts by people and the government to address major social, legal, economic, and environmental problems. Subsequent economic recession called for a new economic program. (Standards: 1, 4, 5; Themes: TCC, SOC, CIV, ECO)

8.9a The civil rights movement began in the postwar era in response to long-standing inequalities in American society and eventually brought about equality under the law but slower progress on economic improvements.

Ø Students will compare and contrast the strategies used by civil rights activists such as Thurgood

Marshall, Rosa Parks, Martin Luther King Jr., and Malcolm X.

Ø Students will explain the significance of key civil rights victories including President Truman’s desegregation of the military, Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954), the Civil Rights Act of

1964, and the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

Ø Students will examine the extent to which the economic situation of African Americans improved as a result of the civil rights movement.

8.9b The civil rights movement prompted renewed efforts for equality by women and other groups.

Ø Students will examine struggles for equality and factors that enabled or limited success on behalf of women, farm workers, Native Americans, the disabled, and the LGBT community.

Ø Students will examine judicial actions taken to protect individual rights, such as Miranda v. Arizona (1966) and Tinker v. Des Moines School District (1969).

Key Idea: Domestic Politics and Reform

(Standards: 1, 4, 5; Themes: TCC, SOC, CIV, ECO)

Text: America: History of our Nation- Chapter 27: "The Vietnam Era"

8.9 DOMESTIC POLITICS AND REFORM: The civil rights movement and the Great Society were attempts by people and the government to address major social, legal, economic, and environmental problems.
Subsequent economic recession called for a new economic program.

8.9c The Great Society programs of President Lyndon Johnson strengthened efforts aimed at reducing poverty and providing health care for the elderly, but the Vietnam War drained resources and divided society.

Ø Students will explain the difference between Medicare and Medicaid.

Ø Students will examine the connection between the Vietnam War, especially the draft, and the growth of a counterculture and peace movement.

Key Idea: Domestic Politics and Reform

(Standards: 1, 4, 5; Themes: TCC, SOC, CIV, ECO)

Text: America: History of our Nation- Chapter 28: "New Directions for a Nation"

8.9 DOMESTIC POLITICS AND REFORM: The civil rights movement and the Great Society were attempts by people and the government to address major social, legal, economic, and environmental problems.
Subsequent economic recession called for a new economic program.

8.9d Economic recession during the 1970s and concerns about the growth and size of the federal government encouraged fiscal conservatives to push for changes in regulation and policy.

Ø Students will examine President Ronald Reagan’s and President George H. W. Bush’s cuts to social programs and taxes in an attempt to stimulate the economy.

Key Idea: Foreign Policy

(Standards: 1, 2, 4, 5; Themes: TCC, GEO, ECO, EXCH)

Text: America: History of our Nation- Chapter 29: "Challenges for a New Century"

8.7d Terrorist groups not representing any nation entered and reshaped global military and political alliances and conflicts. American foreign and domestic policies responded to terrorism in a variety of ways.

Ø Students will examine the terrorist attack of September 11, 2001, its impact on national security and the United States responses to it including the USA Patriot Act, the Department of Homeland Security, the War on Terror, and military attacks on suspected terrorist locations.

8.7e Increased globalization has led to increased economic interdependence and competition.

Ø Students will examine the increased economic interdependence in terms of globalization and its impact on the United States and New York State economy, including the workforce.

Ø Students will examine the role of multinational corporations and their influence on the world economy.

Key Idea: Demographic Change

(Standards: 1, 2, 4, 5; Themes: ID, GEO, SOC, GOV,ECO)

Text: America: History of our Nation- Chapter 29: "Challenges for a New Century"

8.8 DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE: After World War II, the population of the United States rose sharply as a result of both natural increases and immigration. Population movements have resulted in changes to the American landscape and shifting political power. An aging population is affecting the economy and straining public resources.

8.8b The postwar United States experienced increasing immigration, debates over immigration policy, and an increase in cultural diversity.

Ø Students will examine migration and immigration trends in New York State and New York City such as the increase in Spanish-speaking, South Asian, East Asian, Middle Eastern, and African populations and the contributions of these groups.

Ø Students will examine the debates over and the effects of immigration legislation, including recent debates over immigration policy.

8.8c Pollution, population growth, the consumption of natural resources, clearing of land for human sustenance, and large-scale industrialization have put added stress on the global environment.

Ø Students will explore the impact of pollution, industrialization and population growth on the environment such as urban areas (Love Canal), plant and animal life (Adirondack Park) and energy sources (Three Mile Island).

Key Idea: Domestic Politics and Reform

(Standards: 1, 4, 5; Themes: TCC, SOC, CIV, ECO)

Text: America: History of our Nation- Chapter 29: "Challenges for a New Century"

8.9e Constitutional issues involving the violation of civil liberties and the role of the federal government are a source of debate in American society.

Ø Students will examine state and federal responses to gun violence, cyber-bullying, and electronic surveillance.