Hello, Guest

Browse Standards

View all PreK-12 NYS Learning Standards in a dropdown list format.
  • - Drill Down
  • - Print
  • - Create PDF
  • - Send to a Friend
  • - Add to My ePortfolio
  • - Educational Resources
  • - Assessments
  • - Common Core
  • Reset Browse Standards
  • Standard Area - TECH: Learning Standards for Technology
    (see MST standards under Previous Standard Versions)
            • Introduction - MST4.C.LE.LE.5.Introduction:
              Life is dependent upon availability of an energy source and raw materials that are used in the basic enzyme-controlled biochemical processes of living organisms. These biochemical processes occur within a narrow range of conditions. Because organisms are continually exposed to changes in their external and internal environments, they must continually monitor and respond to these changes. Responses to change can range in complexity from simple activation of a cell chemical process to elaborate learned behavior. The result of these responses is called homeostasis, a "dynamic equilibrium" or "steady state" which keeps the internal environment within certain limits. Organisms have a diversity of homeostatic feedback mechanisms that detect deviations from the normal state and take corrective actions to return their systems to the normal range. These mechanisms maintain the physical and chemical aspects of the internal environment within narrow limits that are favorable for cell activities. Failure of these control mechanisms can result in disease or even death.
              • Major Understandings - MST4.C.LE.LE.5.1a:
                The energy for life comes primarily from the Sun. Photosynthesis provides a vital connection between the Sun and the energy needs of living systems.
              • Major Understandings - MST4.C.LE.LE.5.1b:
                Plant cells and some one-celled organisms contain chloroplasts, the site of photosynthesis. The process of photosynthesis uses solar energy to combine the inorganic molecules carbon dioxide and water into energy-rich organic compounds (e.g., glucose) and release oxygen to the environment.
              • Major Understandings - MST4.C.LE.LE.5.1c:
                In all organisms, organic compounds can be used to assemble other molecules such as proteins, DNA, starch, and fats. The chemical energy stored in bonds can be used as a source of energy for life processes.
              • Major Understandings - MST4.C.LE.LE.5.1d:
                In all organisms, the energy stored in organic molecules may be released during cellular respiration. This energy is temporarily stored in ATP molecules. In many organisms, the process of cellular respiration is concluded in mitochondria, in which ATP is produced more efficiently, oxygen is used, and carbon dioxide and water are released as wastes.
              • Major Understandings - MST4.C.LE.LE.5.1e:
                The energy from ATP is used by the organism to obtain, transform, and transport materials, and to eliminate wastes.
              • Major Understandings - MST4.C.LE.LE.5.1f:
                Biochemical processes, both breakdown and synthesis, are made possible by a large set of biological catalysts called enzymes. Enzymes can affect the rates of chemical change. The rate at which enzymes work can be influenced by internal environmental factors such as pH and temperature.
              • Major Understandings - MST4.C.LE.LE.5.1g:
                Enzymes and other molecules, such as hormones, receptor molecules, and antibodies, have specific shapes that influence both how they function and how they interact with other molecules.
              • Major Understandings - MST4.C.LE.LE.5.2a:
                Homeostasis in an organism is constantly threatened. Failure to respond effectively can result in disease or death.
              • Major Understandings - MST4.C.LE.LE.5.2b:
                Viruses, bacteria, fungi, and other parasites may infect plants and animals and interfere with normal life functions.
              • Major Understandings - MST4.C.LE.LE.5.2c:
                The immune system protects against antigens associated with pathogenic organisms or foreign substances and some cancer cells.
              • Major Understandings - MST4.C.LE.LE.5.2d:
                Some white blood cells engulf invaders. Others produce antibodies that attack them or mark them for killing. Some specialized white blood cells will remain, able to fight off subsequent invaders of the same kind.
              • Major Understandings - MST4.C.LE.LE.5.2e:
                Vaccinations use weakened microbes (or parts of them) to stimulate the immune system to react. This reaction prepares the body to fight subsequent invasions by the same microbes.
              • Major Understandings - MST4.C.LE.LE.5.2f:
                Some viral diseases, such as AIDS, damage the immune system, leaving the body unable to deal with multiple infectious agents and cancerous cells.
              • Major Understandings - MST4.C.LE.LE.5.2g:
                Some allergic reactions are caused by the body's immune responses to usually harmless environmental substances. Sometimes the immune system may attack some of the body's own cells or transplanted organs.
              • Major Understandings - MST4.C.LE.LE.5.2h:
                Disease may also be caused by inheritance, toxic substances, poor nutrition, organ malfunction, and some personal behavior. Some effects show up right away; others may not show up for many years.
              • Major Understandings - MST4.C.LE.LE.5.2i:
                Gene mutations in a cell can result in uncontrolled cell division, called cancer. Exposure of cells to certain chemicals and radiation increases mutations and thus increases the chance of cancer.
              • Major Understandings - MST4.C.LE.LE.5.2j:
                Biological research generates knowledge used to design ways of diagnosing, preventing, treating, controlling, or curing diseases of plants and animals.
              • Major Understandings - MST4.C.LE.LE.5.3a:
                Dynamic equilibrium results from detection of and response to stimuli. Organisms detect and respond to change in a variety of ways both at the cellular level and at the organismal level.
              • Major Understandings - MST4.C.LE.LE.5.3b:
                Feedback mechanisms have evolved that maintain homeostasis. Examples include the changes in heart rate or respiratory rate in response to increased activity in muscle cells, the maintenance of blood sugar levels by insulin from the pancreas, and the changes in openings in the leaves of plants by guard cells to regulate water loss and gas exchange
Loading
Data is Loading...